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Title

Large spot size-transpupillary laser diode (LSTLD) with or without adjuvant ICG for retinal hemangiomas.

Purpose	To evaluate the efficacy, ocular and visual outcomes, and treatment complications following a LSTLD (with indirect ophthalmoscopy) with or without ICG as therapeutic approach of vision-threatening retinal hemangiomas (RCH = retinal capillary hemangiomas associated with Von Hippel-Lindau disease or VPT = vasoproliferative tumors).
Methods	This non comparative observational cases series included 32 retinal hemangiomas (23 RCH and 9 VPT) in 19 eyes (17 patients), all treated by TDL (810 nm) with large spot size-indirect ophthalmoscopy (1.2 mm). 5 tumors (16%) were treated by TDL alone and 27 (84%) by ICG-enhanced TDL.
Results	After a mean follow-up of 55 months (range: 2 - 234), 15 hemangiomas (47%) presented with a flat scar and 15 (47%) showed regressed fibrotic appearance. Visual acuity improved in 5 eyes (26%), decreased in 3 eyes (16%) and was stable in 11 eyes (58%). Two eyes (11%) developed ablatio fugax and four eyes (21%) epiretinal macular membrane. No other complication was recorded. 7 hemangiomas required a second treatment.
Conclusion	Large spot size-TLD (1.2mm) with indirect ophthalmoscopy appeared to be a safe therapeutic option for vision-threatening exudative retinal hemangiomas. The only complications were epiretinal macular membrane and ablatio fugax. The potential benefit of ICG injection on tumor and/or exudation regression could not be statistically evaluated due to the small number of treated hemangiomas.
Conflict of interest	No

Authors 1

Last name	BARTOSZEK
Initials	P
Department	Ocular Oncology Unit, Institut Roi Albert II - Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc
City	Brussels

Authors 2

Last name	DE POTTER
Initials	P
Department	Ocular Oncology Unit, Institut Roi Albert II - Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc
City	Brussels